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首页> 外文OA文献 >Efficacy of Oryza sativa husk and Quercus phillyraeoides extracts for the in vitro and in vivo control of fungal rot disease of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir)
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Efficacy of Oryza sativa husk and Quercus phillyraeoides extracts for the in vitro and in vivo control of fungal rot disease of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir)

机译：水稻和栎树提取物对白山药真菌腐病的体外和体内防治效果（Dioscorea rotundata poir）

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Tuber rot disease is a major constraint to white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) production, accounting for 50-60% of annual yield losses in Nigeria. The main method of control using synthetic fungicides is being discouraged due to human and environmental health hazards. The potential of Oryza sativa husk (OSH) and Quercus phillyraeoides (QP) extracts for the in vitro and in vivo control of six virulent rot-causing fungal pathogens, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Aspergillus niger, Rhizoctonia solani, Penicillium oxalicum, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Fusarium oxysporum was evaluated, using five different extract concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5% w/v. These fungi were isolated from rotted tubers of D. rotundata, across three agroecological zones in Nigeria?the Humid rainforest, Derived savanna, and southern Guinea savanna. All treatments were subjected to three methods of inoculation 48 hours before the application of both extracts and stored at 28 ± 2°C for 6 months. Radial mycelial growth of the test pathogens was effectively inhibited at concentrations ? 3.5% w/v in vitro for both OSH and QP extracts. Rotting was significantly reduced (P ? 0.05) to between 0 to 18.8% and 0% to 20.9% for OSH and QP extracts respectively. The extracts significantly (P ? 0.05) inhibited percent rot of the test pathogens at 3.5% concentration w/v in vivo. Rot incidence was, however, lower in replicate tubers that were inoculated, treated with extracts and exposed than treatments that were covered. Phytochemical analysis of OSH and QP extracts revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, ferulic acid, phlobatanins, Terpenoids, phenols, anthraquinone and pyroligneous acid. The efficacy of both extracts in reducing rot in this study recommends their development as prospective biopesticide formulation and use in the management of post-harvest rot of yam tubers.
机译：块茎腐烂病是白山药（Dioscorea rotundata）生产的主要限制因素，占尼日利亚年产量损失的50-60％。由于人类和环境健康的危害，不鼓励使用合成杀真菌剂进行防治的主要方法。稻稻壳（OSH）和栎木（QP）提取物在体外和体内控制六种致病性腐烂真菌病原体，拟南芥（Lasiodiplodia theobromae），黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger），茄根霉（Rhizoctonia solani），草酸青霉（Penicillium oxalialicum），草腐菌（Sclerotium rolfsii），使用0.5％，1.0％，1.5％，2.5％和3.5％w / v的五种不同提取物浓度评估了葡萄孢。这些真菌是从腐烂的D. rotundata块茎中分离出来的，遍及尼日利亚的三个农业生态区：潮湿的雨林，衍生大草原和几内亚南部大草原。在施用两种提取物之前48小时，所有处理均接受三种接种方法，并在28±2°C下保存6个月。当浓度≥3时，病原体的径向菌丝生长被有效抑制。 OSH和QP提取物的体外含量为3.5％w / v。 OSH和QP提取物的腐烂率分别显着降低（P <0.05）至0至18.8％和0％至20.9％。在体内浓度为w / v的3.5％的情况下，提取物显着抑制（P <0.05）抑制试验病原体的腐烂百分率。但是，接种，用提取物处理并暴露的重复块茎的腐烂发生率比覆盖的处理低。 OSH和QP提取物的植物化学分析显示，存在次级代谢产物，如生物碱，类黄酮，皂角苷，单宁，阿魏酸，叶黄酮，萜类化合物，酚，蒽醌和吡咯木质酸。在这项研究中，两种提取物在减少腐烂方面的功效都建议将其开发为前瞻性生物农药制剂，并用于山药块茎收获后腐烂的处理。

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